0.8 news/zhak-shirak-nominirovan-na-nobelevskuyu-premiyu-mira_410539.html. Jan 30, 2006.
Further information: On 29 May 2005, a was held in France to decide whether the country should ratify the proposed treaty for a (TCE). The result was a victory for the No campaign, with 55 percent of voters rejecting the treaty on a turnout of 69 percent, dealing a devastating blow to Chirac and the (UMP) party, and to part of the centre-left which had supported the TCE. Following the referendum defeat, Chirac replaced his Prime Minister with Domenique de Villepin. In an address to the nation, Chirac has declared that the new cabinet's top priority would be to curb unemployment, which was consistently hovering above 10 percent, calling for a 'national mobilisation' to that effect. 2005 civil unrest and CPE protests. Further information: and Following major, which followed in autumn 2005 after the death of two young boys in, one of the poorest French communes located in Paris' suburbs, Chirac retracted the proposed (CPE) by 'promulgating it without applying it', an unheard-of – and, some claim, illegal – move intended to appease the protesters while giving the appearance of not making a volte-face regarding the contract, and therefore to continue his support for his Prime Minister.
Retirement In early September 2005, he suffered an event that his doctors described as a 'vascular incident'. It was reported as a 'minor stroke' or a mini-stroke (also known as a ). He recovered and returned to his duties soon after.
In a pre-recorded television broadcast aired on 11 March 2007, Jacques Chirac announced, in a widely predicted move, that he would not choose to seek a third term as France's president. (In 2000 the constitution had been amended to reduce the length of Presidents' terms to five years, so Chirac's second term was shorter than his first.) 'My whole life has been committed to serving France, and serving peace', Chirac said, adding that he would find new ways to serve France after leaving office. He did not explain the reasons for his decision. Chirac did not, during the broadcast, endorse any of the candidates running for election, but did devote several minutes of his talk to a plea against extremist politics that was considered a thinly disguised invocation to voters not to vote for and a recommendation to not to orient his campaign so as to include themes traditionally associated with Le Pen. Post-presidency Shortly after leaving office, he launched the in June 2008. Since then it has been striving for peace through five advocacy programmes: conflict prevention, access to water and sanitation, access to quality medicines and healthcare, access to land resources, and preservation of cultural diversity. It supports field projects that involve local people and provide concrete and innovative solutions.
Chirac chairs the jury for the Prize for Conflict Prevention awarded every year by his foundation. Jacques Chirac at Saint-Tropez in 2010 As a former President, he is entitled to a lifetime pension and personal security protection, and is ex-officio a member for life of. He sat for the first time on the Council on 15 November 2007, six months after leaving the French Presidency. Immediately after Sarkozy's victory, Chirac moved into a 180 square metre on the Quai Voltaire in Paris lent to him by the family of former Lebanese Prime Minister. During the Didier Schuller affair, the latter accused Hariri of having participated in illegal funding of the 's political campaigns, but the judge closed the case without further investigations. In Volume 2 of his memoirs published in June 2011, Chirac mocked his successor as 'irritable, rash, impetuous, disloyal, ungrateful, and un-French'.
Chirac wrote that he considered firing Sarkozy previously, and conceded responsibility in allowing to advance in 2002. A poll conducted in 2010 suggested he was the most admired political figure in France, while Sarkozy was 32nd. On 11 April 2008, Chirac's office announced that he had undergone successful surgery to fit a. In January 2009, it was reported that Chirac had been hospitalised after being attacked by his pet poodle. According to Chirac's wife Bernadette, the dog, named Sumo, had a history of unpredictable and vicious behaviour, and had previously been medicated with antidepressants in an attempt to control it. Chirac is losing memory and suffers from a frail health. As President, he suffered a stroke in 2005.
In February 2014 he was admitted to hospital because of pains related to. On 10 December 2015, Chirac was hospitalized in Paris for undisclosed reasons, although his state of health didn't 'give any cause for concern', he remained for about a week in. According to his son-in-law, Chirac was again hospitalised in Paris with a lung infection on 18 September 2016. Popular culture Impact on French popular culture. Wikiquote has quotations related to: Wikimedia Commons has media related to.
'Zahak' redirects here. For the city in southeastern Iran, see. For the village in Hormozgan Province, see. Zahhāk or Zahāk ( pronounced ) (: ضحّاک) is an evil figure in, evident in ancient Persian as Aži Dahāka (: اژی دهاک), the name by which he also appears in the texts of the. In he is called Dahāg (: دهاگ) or Bēvar Asp (: بیور اسپ) the latter meaning 'he who has 10,000 horses'. In, Zahhak (going under the name Aži Dahāka) is considered the son of, the foe of.
In the of, Zahhāk is the son of a ruler named Merdās. Painting, depicting Zahhāk ascending on the royal throne. According to Ferdowsi, Zahhāk was born as the son of a ruler named Merdās (: مرداس). Because of his lineage, he is sometimes called Zahhāk-e Tāzī (: ضحاکِ تازی), meaning 'Zahhāk the '. He was handsome and clever, but had no stability of character and was easily influenced by evil counsellors. Therefore chose him as the tool for his plans for world domination.
When Zahhāk was a young man, Ahriman first appeared to him as a glib, flattering companion, and by degrees convinced him that he ought to kill his own father and take over his territories. He taught him to dig a deep pit covered over with leaves in a place where Merdās was accustomed to walk; Merdās fell in and was killed. Zahhāk thus became both and king at the same time. Ahriman now took another guise, and presented himself to Zahhāk as a marvellous cook. After he had presented Zahhāk with many days of sumptuous feasts (introducing meat to the formerly vegetarian human cuisine), Zahhāk was willing to give Ahriman whatever he wanted.
Ahriman merely asked to kiss Zahhāk on his two shoulders. Zahhāk permitted this; but when Ahriman had touched his lips to Zahhāk's shoulders, he immediately vanished. At once, two black snakes grew out of Zahhāk's shoulders. They could not be surgically removed, for as soon as one snake-head had been cut off, another took its place. Ahriman now appeared to Zahhāk in the form of a skilled physician. He counselled Zahhāk that the only remedy was to let the snakes remain on his shoulders, and sate their hunger by supplying them with human brains for food every day otherwise the snakes will feed on his own.
Zahhāk the Emperor. Princess Tigranuhi, daughter of, before wedding with.
Azhdahak is identified as in Armenian sources. About this time, who was then the ruler of the world, through his arrogance lost his divine right to rule.
Zahhāk presented himself as a savior to those discontented Iranians who wanted a new ruler. Collecting a great army, he marched against Jamshid, who fled when he saw that he could not resist Zahhāk. Zahhāk hunted Jamshid for many years, and at last caught him and subjected him to a miserable death—he had Jamshid sawn in half. Zahhāk now became the ruler of the entire world.
Among his slaves were two of Jamshid's daughters, and (the Avestan Arənavāci and Savaŋhavāci). Zahhāk's two snake heads still craved human brains for food, so every day Zahhāk's spies would seize two men, and execute them so their brains could feed the snakes. Two men, called Armayel and Garmayel, wanted to find a way to rescue people from being killed from the snakes. So they learned cookery and after mastering how to cook great meals, they went to Zahhāk's palace and managed to become the chefs of the palace. Every day, they saved one of the two men and put the brain of a sheep instead of his into the food, but they could not save the lives of both men.
Those who were saved were told to flee to the mountains and to faraway plains. Ajdahak dream Zahhāk's tyranny over the world lasted for centuries. But one day Zahhāk had a terrible dream – he thought that three warriors were attacking him, and that the youngest knocked him down with his mace, tied him up, and dragged him off toward a tall mountain.
When Zahhāk woke he was in a panic. Following the counsel of Arnavāz, he summoned wise men and dream-readers to explain his dream. They were reluctant to say anything, but one finally said that it was a vision of the end of Zahhāk's reign, that rebels would arise and dispossess Zahhāk of his throne. He even named the man who would take Zahhāk's place:. Zahhāk now became obsessed with finding this 'Fereydun' and destroying him, though he did not know where he lived or who his family was. His spies went everywhere looking for Fereydun, and finally heard that he was but a boy, being nourished on the milk of the marvelous cow Barmāyeh.
The spies traced Barmāyeh to the highland meadows where it grazed, but Fereydun had already fled before them. They killed the cow, but had to return to Zahhāk with their mission unfulfilled. Revolution against Zahhāk.
Main article: Zahhāk now tried to consolidate his rule by coercing an assembly of the leading men of the kingdom into signing a document testifying to Zahhāk's righteousness, so that no one could have any excuse for rebellion. One man spoke out against this charade, a blacksmith named (Kaveh). Before the whole assembly, Kāva told how Zahhāk's minions had murdered seventeen of his eighteen sons so that Zahhāk might feed his snakes' lust for human brains – the last son had been imprisoned, but still lived. In front of the assembly Zahhāk had to pretend to be merciful, and so released Kāva's son.
But when he tried to get Kāva to sign the document attesting to Zahhāk's justice, Kāva tore up the document, left the court, and raised his blacksmith's apron as a standard of rebellion – the, derafsh-e Kāviyānī (درفش کاویانی). He proclaimed himself in support of Fereydun as ruler. Soon many people followed Kāva to the Alborz mountains, where Fereydun was now living.
He was now a young man and agreed to lead the people against Zahhāk. He had a mace made for him with a head like that of an ox, and with his brothers and followers, went forth to fight against Zahhāk. Zahhāk had already left his capital, and it fell to Fereydun with small resistance. Fereydun freed all of Zahhāk's prisoners, including. Kondrow, Zahhāk's treasurer, pretended to submit to Fereydun, but when he had a chance he escaped to Zahhāk and told him what had happened. Zahhāk at first dismissed the matter, but when he heard that Fereydun had seated Jamshid's daughters on thrones beside him like his queens, he was incensed and immediately hastened back to his city to attack Fereydun. When he got there, Zahhāk found his capital held strongly against him, and his army was in peril from the defense of the city.
Seeing that he could not reduce the city, he snuck into his own palace as a spy, and attempted to assassinate Arnavāz and Shahrnāz. Fereydun struck Zahhāk down with his ox-headed mace, but did not kill him; on the advice of an angel, he bound Zahhāk and imprisoned him in a cave underneath, binding him with a lion's pelt tied to great nails fixed into the walls of the cavern, where he will remain until the end of the world.
Thus, after a thousand years' tyranny, ended the reign of Zahhāk. Place names ' is the name of an ancient ruin in Hashtroud, which according to various experts, was inhabited from the second millennia BC until the Timurid era. First excavated in the 19th century by British archeologists, has been studying the structure in 6 phases. In popular culture. The video game has two references to Zahhak—an evil knight named 'Zahhak' as well as a large ship named 'Dahak'. In, there exists a primal that goes by a similar name (Dehaka).
In the webcomic of, Equius Zahhak is a troll with extreme physical strength and a fascination with horses. In the Sekien no Inganock - What a Beautiful People, incorrectly-manifested Kikai are referred to as 'Zahhak'. In the video game series, a Quarian named Professor Zahak was involved in the creation of the Geth, a hive mind consciousness of artificially intelligent machines.
In the Xenaverse, Zahhak (referred to as ) is the supernatural (and thoroughly Satanic) adversary whom both and later Hercules on must defeat in order to save the world from utter destruction. When Dahak appears on Hercules, his appearance is like a crustacean. In (known outside the United States as SaGa 3), intermediate boss Dahak is depicted as a multiple-headed lizard. In the Prince of Persia flees from a powerful shadowy figure called The Dahaka. In the buddy of the main antagonist is named Demonic Demise Dragon, Azi Dahaka. The issues feature an immortal villain named Zahhak, bound to two demonic snakes.
Unless fed with other people's brains, they start eating his own. In video game, Ahzi Dahaka is a venerable dragon of the Earth element that is commonly encountered during the latter half of the game. In, Azi Dahaka is an Evil Dragon and considered as a very strong being. He leads a terrorist group together with another Evil Dragon named Apophis. In the light novel series, Azi Dahaka is represented as a three-headed white dragon and is one of the main antagonists in the series. In ' by Stephen Goldin,1975, Zahhak has escaped his cell and the professional hero must re-confine him until Judgement Day. In and videogame of the same name, the protagonist Jackie Estacado could be a faint reference to Zahhak.
He is possessed by an evil force (the titular 'The Darkness') which, among other things, causes dark snakes to grow out of his shoulders which seem to like eating humans. In the mod Prophesy of Pendor, Azi Dahaka is the evil snake goddess worshiped by the Snake Cult. They have infiltrated the Empire faction and represent an important antagonist in the game. In Project Celeste, a fan remake of, there is a legendary piece of gear called Zahhak's Sword of the Undying. In card game Azi Dahaka appear as a legendary Dragoncraft-class card come from Chronogenesis Expansion.
Other dragons in Iranian tradition Besides Aži Dahāka, several other dragons and dragon-like creatures are mentioned in Zoroastrian scripture:. Aži Sruvara - the 'horned dragon'. Aži Zairita - the 'yellow dragon,' that is killed by the hero, Middle Persian Kirsāsp. ( Yasna 9.1, 9.30; Yasht 19.19). Aži Raoiδita - the 'red dragon' conceived by 's to bring about the ' -induced winter' that is the reaction to 's creation of the. ( Vendidad 1.2).
Aži Višāpa - the 'dragon of poisonous slaver' that consumes offerings to if they are made between sunset and sunrise ( Nirangistan 48). Gandarəβa - the 'yellow-heeled' monster of the sea 'Vourukasha' that can swallow twelve provinces at once. On emerging to destroy the entire creation of Asha, it too is slain by the hero. ( Yasht 5.38, 15.28, 19.41) The Aži / Ahi in Indo-Iranian tradition.